A massive particle collider on the border between France and Switzerland fires particles smaller than atoms at near-light speed to create collisions [1].
This experiment allows scientists to observe the immediate aftermath of high-energy impacts, providing a window into the basic building blocks of the universe. By recreating conditions similar to those shortly after the Big Bang, researchers can test theoretical physics in a controlled environment.
The facility operates by accelerating these sub-atomic particles in opposite directions [1]. Once the particles reach the necessary speeds, they are steered into a head-on collision. This process transforms the kinetic energy of the motion into new particles, which sensors then record.
The collider is described as the biggest science experiment ever built [1]. Its scale is necessary to achieve the acceleration required for particles to collide with enough force to break apart or create new matter. The facility is managed by CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research.
Because the particles are smaller than atoms, they require precise magnetic steering to ensure they hit each other. The infrastructure spanning the border of the two nations allows for the vast distances needed to reach near-light speed before the point of impact [1].
“The biggest science experiment ever built”
The ability to collide particles at near-light speed allows physicists to move beyond theoretical mathematics and observe physical evidence of how matter behaves. By isolating the smallest components of the universe, the facility provides the empirical data necessary to validate or refute the Standard Model of physics.
