South Korean Police to Gain Full Criminal Investigative Authority

South Korea's police force will obtain full investigative authority over most criminal cases as the prosecution's supplementary investigation power is abolished ^[1].

This shift represents a fundamental change in the country's legal balance, transferring significant power from prosecutors to the police. Critics warn that without sufficient oversight and manpower, the transition could lead to the concealment of cases and significant procedural delays ^[1].

The South Korean police force consists of approximately 130,000 personnel ^[1]. Under the new structure, these officers will assume the role previously held by the prosecution's direct supplementary investigation power ^[1].

Concerns regarding the quality of investigations have risen as the volume of contested cases increases. In 2021, there were 27,000 cases of "non-송치" (non-referral) objections ^[1]. By 2023, that number rose to 56,000 cases ^[1]. This trend suggests a growing friction between police decisions and the expectations of the public or the prosecution.

Acting Police Commissioner Yu Jae-sung addressed the responsibility of the force during a statement on June 10, 2024. He said that every member of the police must keep in mind that the investigative power of the police is delegated by the people ^[1].

Officials have noted that additional manpower and systemic reforms are necessary to maintain the quality of investigations ^[1]. Without these safeguards, there is a risk that the expanded authority of the 130,000-strong force could result in a lack of accountability, potentially hindering the delivery of justice for victims.